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The regular lathe consists of following parts: beds, spindle, support, tailstock spindle or sliding gearbox. 

Basic division of the inclination of the lathe bed: 

  • horizontal or sloping (inclination 45 degrees)
  • sliding or linear

Clamping part – it is usually formed by a chuck on one side and tailstock on the other, or a chuck and second clamping part by a counter spindle. 

Cutting part – formed by a cutting wedge attached to the longitudinal part - the Z axis.

The transverse part (perpendicular to the axis of the spindle) designated as the X-axis, or the automatic tool head, also usually located on the transverse feed on the machine. 

Other axes, used especially in case of CNC lathes:

  • Axis C1 (indexed spindle position, 
  • axis C2 (indexed axis of the  counter spindle)
  • axis Y (Axis Y enables movement of tool perpendicular to axis Z and machining with live tools)
  • axis B (indexed support axis)

The machine can be erupted with a measuring tool probe (automatically or manually foldable).